For instance, when parents complete pre andor post tests about a workshop, they are asked to answer each question by rating each item on a 1to5 response scale. One of the most common scale types is a likert scale. This question will have two poles which are linked with intermediate agreement answer options. Likert scale instrument questionnaire university of pretoria etd ramchander, p 2004. The likert scale is named for its creator, american scientist rensis likert, who felt that surveys yielding only yesorno answers were limited in their usefulness.
Likert scale is a psychometric scale where questions based on this scale are normally used in a survey. The questions should ask for an agreement or disagreement. Download sample survey questions likert scale for free. Usually a fivepoint scale of agreement like the following is used. The purpose of a likert scale is to identify the attitude of people towards the given stimulus objects by asking them the extent to which they agree or disagree with them. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype. Likert scales are widely used in surveys to have an. The likert scale method was developed primarily for intensive psychological research. The original idea for the likert scale is found in rensis likerts 1932 article in archive of psychology titled a technique for the measurement of attitudes. Likert scale would be helpful when you need to study people and their behaviors. In likert scaling, all systematic variation in the responses to the items is attributed to differences. For the explicit measure of identity, employees completed selenta and lords 2005. Though many scales have been developed by psychologists to measure the attitude of people in a direct way, the likert scale is by far the best and most used scale. Likert scale definition, examples and analysis simply.
The examples of likert scales is a template of datagathering. A likert item is a statement that the respondent is asked to evaluate in a survey. The likert scale questionnaire is a popular survey tool that is used in educational research, especially in the field of special education. Likert scale points are the number of options or points that your likert scale has for each question or statement. What happened to the societies europeans came into contact with when they began to. The data set associated with the likertlike and fuzzy rating scale responses to the posed items have been collected in the pdf file restaurants data. A likert scale is the sum of responses to several likert items. That purpose differs from, for instance, item response theory chapter 10, in which both respondents and items are scaled. In the field of sla, likert scale questionnaires have most frequently been used in investigations of individual difference variables, such. A likert template example would range from typical multiplechoice options which may include strongly agree, agree, no opinion, disagree and strongly. Interestingly, with computer technology, survey designers can create continuous measure scales that do provide interval responses as an alternative to a likert scale. For example, each of the five or seven responses would have a numerical value which would be used to measure the attitude under investigation. A typical item in a likert scale is a statement to which respondents rate their level of agreement.
The importance of a questionnaire is evident in a lot of processes as it allows entities to have an idea about the items and information that they would like to know. Analyzing likert data the journal of extension joe. It is one of the most widely used question types in a survey. Likerttype scale response anchors peru state college. This video describes how to analyse likert data strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree. Explored and explained ankur joshi1, saket kale2, satish chandel3 and d. In addition to measuring statements of agreement, likert scales can measure other variations.
Pal1 1department of community medicine, gandhi medical college, bhopal, 462001, india. It is typically a five response category scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. According to bissonnette 2007, likert scale was named after inventor, psychologist resins likert. Data from a survey using a likert scale may seem easy. Technically, a likert item is a single question with likert responses, whereas a likert scale is a group of items viewed together as a single measure. You may also see assessment questionnaire examples. In survey research, likert scales are the most commonly used type of scale.
Since the inception of this psychometric scale, there have been several versions based on the. His innovation was to make a statement instead of asking a question, and then ask respondents to rate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the basic statement. Likerttype or frequency scales use fixed choice response formats and are designed to measure attitudes or opinions 2. For example, if your likert scale includes the items. With a guttman scale, you have a set of statements so that a respondent who agrees with any specific statement in the list will also agree with all previous statements. Below are the two likert scales, the fourpoint and the fivepoint. A questionnaire template is a tool usually used to provide a set of questions beneficial for data gathering, analysis, and research. How to use the likert scale in statistical analysis. Likert scale was devised in order to measure attitude in a scientifically accepted and validated manner in 1932 6,7. Somehow, because of how easy it is for respondents to answer, it is used by a lot of organizations to determine consumer behavior. Here likert scale will offer facts and figures analyzing the americans attitude towards others by giving you their degree of opinion.
Explored and explained article pdf available in current journal of applied science and technology 74. Since the beginning of likert scale in 1932, there have. A thurstone scale has a number of agree or disagree statements. It is often used to measure the attitudes of respondents, asking them to what extent they agree or disagree with a particular question or statement. A likert scale is commonly used to measure attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, values, and behavioral changes. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likert type scales j. Likert items and scales rob johns university of strathclyde 1. A fourpoint likert scale is the first of the even scale options when doing a likert survey. An example of interval data would be numbers of procedures done per resident. Odd likert scales are used when the survey creator intends to provide freedom to the respondents for the type of feedback that they provide. In other words, each statement subsumes the lower order statements. A likert scale is used to rate each item on a response scale. In the second example above, the variable is the relative quality of education in faith schools, and the response scale should therefore run from much better to much worse via no different. Population or f testing the scale has been validated in individuals aged 1859 years.
These items are usually displayed with a visual aid, such as a series of radio buttons or a horizontal bar representing a simple scale. For example, a scale might have five choices that start at one end with strongly agree and end at the other with strongly disagree, with less extreme choices in the middle three points. Calculating, interpreting, and reporting cronbachs alpha. Clemson university frequency 7 point 1 never 2 rarely, in less than 10% of the chances when i could have. A typical scale could be strongly agree, unsureundecided, disagree, strongly disagree.
In an ordinal scale, responses can be rated or ranked, but the distance between responses is not measurable. Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state university. A likerttype scale assumes that the strengthintensity of experience is linear, i. I would like a quick example of data analysis for a likert scale questionnaire, i will have two data sets from two groups that have answered the same questions. This question is the simplest likert scale question example where therell be just two option such as agree and disagree as two poles of the scale. Each level on the scale is assigned a numeric value or coding, usually starting at 1 and incremented by one for each level. A likert type scale involves a series of statements that respondents may choose from in order to rate their responses to evaluative questions vogt, 1999. It was invented by rensis likert, an educator and psychologist, who advocated an employeecentered organization. In fact, there is a format that must be followed in formulating the questions. This depends on the method that an entity will use to provide the questions to their target community. Developing likertscale questionnaires jalt publications. Likert scale questions, survey and examples questionpro. Likert scale definition, examples and analysis simply psychology.
In its final form, the likert scale is a five or seven point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. It is a unidimensional scale to measure attitudes towards people. A unipolar likert scale question type indicates a respondent to think of the presence or absence of a quality. Likert scale was developed by likert in 1932 and it was based on the principle of asking people to give their response by choosing among available series of statements concerning a given topic or subject. The likert scale questionnaire format and examples. In likert survey forms, a number of options are given along with each question. Robert warmbrod1 abstract fortynine percent of the 706 articles published in the journal of agricultural education from 1995 to 2012 reported quantitative research with at least one variable measured by a likert type scale. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype scales. At the beginning of this template, there is the brief introduction of the likert scales which can help you have a general idea of the likert scale. Almost everyone would recognise this type of survey. Developed in 1932 by rensis likert1 to measure attitudes, the typical likert scale is a 5 or 7point ordinal scale used by respondents to rate the degree to which they agree or disagree with a statement table.
Likert scale templates can be used to prepare good likert scale of a survey or research. For example, a common unipolar scale includes the following choices. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term or more accurately the likerttype scale is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there are. In table 2, the mean of the summated scores excluding item 2 is 25. A likert scale is a psychometric scale that has multiple categories from which respondents choose to indicate their opinions, attitudes, or feelings about a particular issue. Editorial analyzing and interpreting data from likerttype. For example, one could have several likert items with various questions about religious attitudes or behaviors, and then combine those items to a single likert scale on religiosity. Likert scale data, on the other hand, are analyzed at the interval measurement scale. Can anybody provide an example of likert scale data analysis. Rensis likert, a sociologist at the university of michigan, who developed the technique. Scale mean if item deletedexcluding the individual item listed, all other scale items are summed for all individuals 48 in our example and the mean of the summated items is given. It was developed by likert in 1932 and it was based on the principle of asking people to give their response by choosing among a series of statements concerning a given topic. Apr, 2017 the fifth of a short series on how to use spss to solve your statistical problems. The likert scale is commonly used in survey research.
It is a measuring scale or a tool used to determine the opinions, behaviors and perceptions of individuals or consumers. Developing the scale is time consuming and relatively complex compared to other scales like the likert scale. In a likert scale survey respondents simply dont choose between yesno, there are specific choices based on agreeing or disagreeing on a certain question in the survey. Scale variance if item deletedexcluding the individual item listed, all other scale. Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state extension. These ordinal scales measure levels of agreementdisagreement. Thurstone scale, likert scale and semantic differential. Examples of likert scaled responses used in datagathering a variety of methods are available to assist evaluators in gathering data.
His original report entitled a technique for the measurement of attitudes was. Sample scale used in likert scale questions origin. Learn about the most common types of questionnaire used in user. For example, a scale designed to measure posttraumatic stress syndrome, presented below, was based upon the guttman technique and was published in the journal of clinical psychology 2328, 1984. Subjects choose from a range of possible responses to a specific question or statement.
It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term or more accurately the likert type scale is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there. Pdf likert scale is applied as one of the most fundamental and frequently used psychometric tools in. In making questionnaires that use the likert scale, not just any type of question will suffice. Rob johns university of strathclydesqb methods fact sheet 1 march 2010 likert items and scales. Use the horizontal and vertical lines to conform with other design elements, use the flow or social media sites inspire you to find a design you love and treat content with strong rhythm with the same design style strong. The likert scale was named after its developer, rensis likert. Then following the introduction is the concrete choices of the survey.
Likert scale items are created by calculating a composite score sum or mean from four or more type likert type items. Questionnaires can be written, printed, or digital. Sample format 6 likert scale template in ms word excel word pdf doc xls blank tips. Examples of likert developing healthy communities dhc. The most glaring example of this is the process of colonisation. The likert scale is named after its creator, rensis likert, who developed it in 1932. Introduction to spss part 5 example 4 analysing likert data. A likert scale is a closeended, forcedchoice scale used in a questionnaire that provides a series of answers that go from one extreme to another. A likert scale that offers agree and disagree as the polar points along with a neutral. The use of these guidelines can lead to the development of likertscale questionnaires that.